Friday, August 31, 2012

Swing & The Big Bands: Duke Ellington to Count Basie

Topics we will discuss and learn:
  • Swing as a noun
  • Important bands
  • Important soloists
Swing as a noun
            Swing as a verb is the actual feeling of lift on beats 2 and 4 of a 4/4 meter.
            Swing as a noun is the music during an era of jazz history between the
1930’s and 1940’s
            WWI had ended
Music during the “Great Depression”
America’s popular music during that time
            More arrangements than ragtime and Dixieland music
            More solos than collective improvisations
            Less use of tuba and more use of string bass
            Hihat cymbals to make the swing feel
            Guitar was used instead of the banjo
            Larger instrumentation
            Saxophone became a dominant instrument

Important Bands

            Fletcher Henderson
                        Some of the main swing era musicians came from his band
                                    Coleman Hawkins
                                    Count Basie
            Jimmie Lunceford
                        Polished band that gave elaborate stage shows
            Duke Ellington
                        Called “The Greatest American Composer” 
                        Voiced chords across sections creating colorful tones
                        Concert-like arrangements
                        First major gig was at the Cotton Club where he played what was
called “jungle music”
            Count Basie
                        The “Swingingest Band”
                        Returned swing to its roots, the blues, from the commercial pop
Sound
                        Kansas City sound
                        Had great soloists
            Benny Goodman
                        Called the “King of Swing”
                        First to integrate his band with Teddy Wilson on piano and Lionel
Hampton on vibraphone
            Chick Webb
                        One of the swingingest bands
                        Played a showdown with Benny Goodman and won
                        Featured Ella Fitzgerald
                        Ella took over the band after Chick died of spinal condition
            Glenn Miller
                        “Republican” band, very straight laced
                        Commercial and pop oriented
            Tommy Dorsey
                        Vocal trombone style
                        Featured an unknown Frank Sinatra

Important soloists

            Art Tatum
                        Amazing technique even without considering he was blind
                        Unmatched speed and delivery
Nat King Cole
            Fast, swinging touch and a first rate vocalist
            Became popular with his television show
            Set the standard with the piano jazz trio
Teddy Wilson
            Smooth, light touch on the piano and could play fast
            Backed Benny Goodman and the first to integrate into a white band
            Coleman Hawkins
                        Played arpeggiated lines that followed the chords
                        The dominant tenor saxophone player until Lester came along
                        Played with Count Basie
            Lester Young
                        Known as the “Prez” (president of the tenor saxophone)
                        Light, airy tone
                        Played with Count Basie
            Roy Eldridge
                        Long solo trumpet lines
            Billie Holiday  
                        Known as “Lady Day” name given to her by Lester Young
                        Sang with Duke and Count
                        Sang about her hard life
                        Very personal voice
            Mary Lou Williams
                        Formidable pianist
                        Wrote arrangements and songs for many of the great bands
Terms and topics to know:
Riffs
Improvisation
Arrangement
16-piece orchestra
woodwind section
brass section
rhythm section

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