Friday, August 31, 2012

Ragtime and Dixieland: Scott Joplin and Louis Armstrong

Topics we will discuss and learn:
  • Ragtime was the precursor to early jazz
  • Early jazz piano styles
  • Early jazz bands
  • Louis Armstrong
Ragtime was the precursor to early jazz
            New Orleans was ideal for jazz between late 1800’s and early 1900’s
because it was a port city at the mouth of the Mississippi where trade with Europe and the Caribbean flourished.
            Black Codes relegated the upper class Creoles to the same status as the
lower class Blacks.
A mixing of musical traditions occurred where the formally trained
Creoles and the bluesy Blacks shared musical styles creating much of the early jazz styles.
            Storyville was the main area for early jazz in New Orleans.
It was the prostitution district where musicians could get many gigs
            Brass bands were immensely popular as were the “rags” in piano music
Ensembles began to play the ragtime music because people wanted to
dance.
            Ragtime was mainly a piano music that was written out on sheet music
and put on player rolls for the “player pianos”
            Notables
Scott Joplin – most famous composer of “rags”
            “The Entertainer”
            “Maple Leaf Rag”

Early jazz piano styles

            Stride Piano
Mimics “Om Pah” sound of tuba in the marching band in the left
hand
                        Mimics horn lines of trumpet and clarinet in right hand
            Boogie Woogie
                        Left hand alternating in a rumble style
            Notables
Jelly Roll Morton – One of the first to swing (“Maple Leaf Rag” recording vis a vis Scott Joplin)
                                    His band was the Red Hot Peppers
                                    Played like he was a band
Blended composition with improvisation setting the stage for
swing big bands
                                    “King Porter Stomp”
Earl “Fatha” Hines – played flowery horn lines in his right hand like
it was a trumpet
                        Fats Waller
                                    “Ain’t Misbehavin”
                                    “Honeysuckle Rose”
                        James P. Johnson “father of stride piano”
Albert Ammons – boogie woogie style
Meade Lux Lewis – boogie woogie style

Early jazz bands

Instrumentation – trumpet, clarinet, trombone, tuba, drums, saxophone (on
occasion)
            Chicago was the center for much of the early jazz music
                        The “great migration” of blacks from the rural south to the urban
centers of New York and Chicago after the end of slavery and reconstruction created a fertile environment for the southern music to grow with a northern sensibility.
Joe King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band
                        Most of the best black musicians from New Orleans
            Original Dixieland Jass Band first to record in 1917 in Chicago
            Collective Improvisation
                        Trumpet plays melody
                        Clarinet plays busy figures behind trumpet
                        Trombone plays “tailgate” or sparse rhythmic and harmonic figures
                        Tuba plays “om pah” bass notes
                        Rhythm section keeps time
            Stop Time
                        Break in the music where soloist plays
            Notables
                        Buddy Bolden - trumpet
Sidney Bechet – soprano saxophone and clarinet
                        Joe King Oliver - trumpet
                        Louis Armstrong - trumpet
                        Nick La Rocca - cornet
                        Bix Beiderbecke - trumpet

Louis Armstrong   

            Usually called the “father of jazz”
            Large tone and wider range than most trumpet players
            One of the first to bring soloing in a combo to the forefront
            A formidable singer and the originator of “scat singing”
Terms to know:
Stride piano
Ragtime
Collective improvisation
Stop time

You Tube:

Meade Lux Lewis

Albert Ammons & Pete Johnson

Fats Waller

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